MWCNT-polymer composites as highly sensitive and selective room temperature gas sensors

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-polymer composite-based hybrid sensors were fabricated and integrated into a resistive sensor design for gas sensing applications. Thin films of MWCNTs were grown onto Si/SiO(2) substrates via xylene pyrolysis using the chemical vapor deposition technique. Polymers like PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline (PANI) mixed with various solvents like DMSO, DMF, 2-propanol and ethylene glycol were used to synthesize the composite films. These sensors exhibited excellent response and selectivity at room temperature when exposed to low concentrations (100 ppm) of analyte gases like NH(3) and NO(2). The effect of various solvents on the sensor response imparting selectivity to CNT-polymer nanocomposites was investigated extensively. Sensitivities as high as 28% were observed for an MWCNT-PEDOT:PSS composite sensor when exposed to 100 ppm of NH(3) and - 29.8% sensitivity for an MWCNT-PANI composite sensor to 100 ppm of NO(2) when DMSO was used as a solvent. Additionally, the sensors exhibited good reversibility.     

Molecular subtypes of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from faecal and surface water samples in the Oldman River watershed, Alberta, Canada

Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from 898 faecal, 43 sewage, and 342 surface water samples from the Oldman River were characterized using bacterial subtyping methods in order to investigate potential sources of contamination of the watershed. Among these pathogens, Campylobacter spp. were the most frequently isolated from faecal, sewage, and surface water samples (266/895, 11/43, and 91/342, respectively), followed by Salmonella (67/898, 8/43, and 29/342, respectively), and E. coli O157:H7 (16/898, 2/43, and 8/342, respectively). Salmonella Rubislaw was the most common serovar isolated from water. This serovar was also isolated from two wild bird species. Most other serovars isolated from water were either not isolated from animals or were isolated from multiple species. E. coli O157:H7 was predominantly isolated from cattle. The most common phage-types of this pathogen from cattle were also the most common among water isolates, and there were exact pulsed field gel electrophoresis and comparative genomic fingerprint matches between cattle, sewage, and water isolates. Campylobacters were commonly isolated from surface waters and faeces from most animal species. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the Campylobacter flaA gene identified several location and host species-specific (cattle, goose, pig) fingerprints. Molecular subtyping of these bacterial pathogens shows considerable promise as a tool for determining the sources of faecal pollution of water.     

基于Fluent的旋流混合反应器模拟与优化

为了提高含油污水处理中药剂的混合效率,基于流场强度理论和Fluent软件,建立旋流混合反应器三维几何模型,对污水加药旋流混合反应器内流场进行模拟,研究了污水处理量、污水含油质量浓度、反应器直径和筒体高度对药剂混合效果的影响,并优化了旋流混合反应器的结构参数。研究结果表明:随着污水处理量的增加,药剂混合效果增强;污水含油质量浓度对药剂的混合效果无明显影响;在一定程度上减小旋流混合反应器直径可强化混合效果;当直径为200 mm、筒体高度为300 mm时旋流混合反应器达到设计处理量下的最佳综合混合效果。所得结论可为旋流混合反应器的设计与优化提供指导。     

Development and use of polyethylene passive samplers to detect triclosans and alkylphenols in an urban estuary

To be able to use polyethylene passive samplers (PE) in the field, the partitioning constants between PE and water (K(PEw)) of the compounds examined must be known. The K(PEw)s of triclosan (TCS), methyl-triclosan (MTCS), n-nonylphenol (n-NP), nonylphenol-technical mix (NP-tech), n-octylphenol (n-OP), and t-octylphenol (t-OP) were measured as a function of pH, temperature, and salinity, and a salt effect was calculated for TCS, n-OP, and t-OP. Log K(PEw)s used for calculating dissolved concentrations were taken from 20 °C studies taking salt into account: 3.42 (TCS), 4.53 (MTCS), 4.20 (n-NP), 3.69 (n-OP), and 2.87 (t-OP). The K(PEw) of hydroxyl-group containing compounds were strongly affected by pH, whereas MTCS with its methoxy-group was not. Measured K(PEw)s could not be estimated from octanol-water partitioning constants due to the semipolar makeup of the compounds investigated. Instead, a good correlation (K(PEw) = 0.679 × K(hdw) + 1.033, r(2) = 0.984, p = 0.001) was obtained with hexadecane-water partitioning constants (K(hdw)) predicted from COSMOtherm. During deployments in Narragansett Bay (RI) in the fall of 2009, concentrations of MTCS and t-OP in surface and bottom waters ranged from 40-225 pg L(-1) and 3.5-11 ng L(-1), respectively. These concentrations are far below EC(50) values for rainbow trout. Surface/bottom and bottom/porewater activity ratios were calculated. These indicated surface waters as the main source of MTCS, while surface water as well as sediments were sources of t-OP.     

从“赶”到“疏” 玉柴周边环境“靓丽”了

中国最大的柴油机生产基地——玉柴集团的周边环境一直是广西玉林市市政部门管理的老大难，在以“赶”以主的管理中，摊贩与执法人员打起了“游击战”。前不久，玉林市市政部门联合玉柴、社区，采取疏堵结合的方法来管理乱摆乱卖的夜市摊点及马路市场，取得了意想不到的良好成效，也得到了广大市民的充分认可。有关部门称：这一成功管理经验很值得推广学习。[编者按]     

应用多目标决策-理想点法优选油气田开发方案

应用多目标决策-理想点法的基本原理，建立了一个优选油气田开发方案的数学模型，综合考虑了油气田开发效果、经济效益和社会效益等指标，对某油田新区的6种开发方案进行了优选，并将评价结果与单指标分析法和模糊数学优选法的结果进行了比较，表明用多目标决策方法优选油气田开发方案是简单、科学合理的。     

我国石油机械制造行业用户满意度指数CSI模型研究

在介绍我国石油机械制造业用户满意度指数CSI测评意义的基础上，提出了我国石油机械制造业用户满意度指数CSI的理论模型与数学模型，并指出了测评中应注意的若干问题。